A horse archer; horsed archer; or mounted archer is a cavalryman armed with a bow; able to shoot while riding from horseback. Archery has occasionally been used from the backs of other riding animals. Mounted archery was a defining characteristic of Steppe warfare throughout Central Asia; and throughout the prairies of America after the adoption of the horse; used by peoples including the Scythians; Sarmatians; Parthians; Sassanids; Huns; Byzantines; Bulgars; Cumans; Kipchaks; Magyars; Japanese; Mongols; Turks; Russians; Rajputs; Comanches; and others.

It was also adopted by other peoples and armies; notably Chinese and Romans who both suffered serious conflict with peoples practising horse archery. It developed separately among the peoples of the South American pampas and the North American prairies; the Comanches were especially skilled. Horse archery was also particularly honoured in the samurai tradition of Japan; where mounted archery is called Yabusame.