Charles Robert Richet (August 25, 1850 - December 4, 1935) was a French physiologist. His work on anaphylaxis (his term for a sensitized individual's sometimes lethal reaction to a second, small-dose injection of an antigen) with Paul Portier, that won him the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicinein 1913. This research helped elucidate hay fever, asthma and other allergic reactions to foreign substances and explained some previously not understood cases of intoxication and sudden death .He was a man of many interests, and his works included books about history, sociology, philosophy, and psychology. He was a pioneer in aviation and had a deep interest in extrasensory perception and hypnosis. He coined the term "ectoplasm." As a scientist, he believed there was a physical explanation for paranormal phenomena. In 1919 he became honorary president of the Institut M矇tapsychique International in Paris, and, in 1929, full-time president. He died in 1935 at the age of 85.