ARH207434 Bull of Pope Alexander IV (d.1261) requesting the Duke of Burgundy, Hugues IV (1213-72), to seize all copies of the Talmud belonging to Jews living in his lands, and to force them to wear an emblem of identification on their clothes, Viterbo, 3 September 1258 (ink on parchment) by Pope Alexander IV (d.1261); Centre Historique des Archives Nationales, Paris, France; (add.info.: badge, usually a circle of yellow or red material; precursor of Nazi star of David;); 穢 Centre Historique des Archives Nationales ; 穢 Archives Charmet; Italian, out of copyright.