434269 Diadem, made in Donkar monastery, Ling ma tang, Tibet, late 19th or early 20th century (opaque w/c & gold on cardboard with cloth) by Tibetan School; 29.2x51.4 cm; Philadelphia Museum of Art, Pennsylvania, PA, USA; (add.info.: This type of diadem, called rigs-nga in Tibetan, is worn during special initiation rituals when the monk-officiate is temporarily incarnated as a divine figure. The individuals painted on it are the spiritual fathers of the vast Mahayana Buddhist pantheon who rule over the five directions (north, south, east, west, and center). Thus wearing this diadem calls upon the powers of the entire pantheon. ); 穢 Philadelphia Museum of Art ; Gift of Hannah Neil Wheeler in memory of Charles Wheeler, 1933; Tibetan, out of copyright.