3D computed tomography (CT) scan of the lungs of a patient with bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis is the permanent dilation and distortion of the bronchioles (lung airways). There are many causes of this condition, which can arise from infection or be a congenital condition (present from birth). It results in persistent coughing that produces sputum. Treatments range from antibiotics to the use of inhaled steroids and surgical drainage.