Edward Jenner (1749-1823) English physician. Jenner practiced as a country doctor in his native Gloucestershire. He noted that immunity to smallpox was given by cowpox. In 1796 he vaccinated James Phipps a number of times with puss from cowpox pustules on a dairy maid. He than innoculated him with smallpox. The boy was ill for a few days, then recovered. Engraving after the portrait by Thomas Lawrence (1769-1830).