Historical cosmologies. 17th-century diagrams of the three cosmological systems taught at the time, from left Ptolemaic, Copernican, and Tychonic. The centuries-old geocentric (Earth-centred) system of 2nd-century Greek astronomer Ptolemy would be replaced by the heliocentric (Sun-centred) 1543 model of Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543). Taught along side these was the geo-heliocentric 1570s model of Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) which attempted to combine aspects of both. The text is in French, with these diagrams from a 1669 work by French cartographer and geographer Nicolas de Fer (1646-1720).